![]() Where that current may leak to is something we’ll take up in a moment. In fact, the electrical code allows up to 20 mA to leak out of a residential circuit. Some of the current sometimes can “leak” out. But, regardless of the work that is done, the amount of current flowing in the hot wire should always be the same as the amount current flowing in the neutral wire. ![]() Along the way, that current can do some work. Current flows from the Hot to the Neutral. Hot is usually color-coded black, and sometimes red). (We’ll get to the ground wire in a moment, trust me.) In 120V two-wire circuits in North America, we call these Hot and Neutral. In a two-wire circuit, be it 120V or 240V, there are two wires. Heating elements also often draw a higher current when they’re cold until they heat up. Motors often draw a high current at start-up as they overcome static friction. But, because it takes time for the heating element to heat up, this mechanism allows devices to draw a “surge” or “inrush” current at startup. This mechanism responds to low/slow faults in the circuit, a sustained drawing of even just a couple of amps over the limit. If it heats up enough, the strip bends to touch the trip mechanism, which disconnects the power. As the current flows, the heating element heats up. The second trip mechanism in a common breaker passes the current through a small heating element which heats up a strip made of two different materials bonded back-to-back. Remember when you picked up paper clips and then disconnected the battery? The paperclips fell as soon as you disconnected, didn’t they? The magnetic field appears and disappears and shrinks and grows virtually instantaneously with the rise and fall of the current, so this trip mechanism in the breaker reacts instantly to sudden large currents. If the current gets too high, the magnet gets strong enough to pull the mechanical trip mechanism to trip the breaker. The current through the breaker causes the rod to become a magnet. The first is an iron rod with a wire wrapped around it. With these prior things in mind, we’ll show what trips a common household circuit breaker! The common breaker contains two tripping mechanisms. Some do this more than others, Copper, what we often use for electrical wire, doesn’t do it as fast as say nickel-chrome which is what we make electrical heating elements out of. The last thing you need to know is that as an electric current flows through a conductor, the conductor heats up. But, if we select the right substances, one strip grows longer substantially faster than the other and this causes the bonded combination of the two to bend, to curve as one side gets longer faster than the other. Now imagine two paper-thin strips of different materials that are bonded together back-to-back, as you heat this up, the two strips change their length. Different substances expand and contract at different rates. Most substances don’t change as much as water does and most actually shrink as they cool, but you get the point. You know not to fill an ice cube tray (if you still remember how we made ice before the introduction of automatic ice makers into homes) all the way up because water expands quite a bit as it gets cold and freezes. You also know from practical experience that as you heat things up or cool them down, their dimensions, length, width, thickness, change. Here is the maximum charging current for each Tesla vehicle: The Wall Connector can be set with an internal switch to work with 15 to 100-amp service. Tesla Wall Connector – Suitable for up to 48 amps depending on the vehicle (prior Gen 1 can support up to 80 amps). ![]()
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